what is benzoic acid?

Benzoic acid is an aromatic acid organic compound, and it is also the simplest aromatic acid. It is aromatic and has the properties of a carboxylic acid. Therefore, two types of chemical reactions can occur, one is the substitution reaction on the benzene ring, and the other is the substitution reaction on the benzene ring. is the carboxyl reaction. Benzoic acid is a weak acid, stronger than fatty acids. Their chemical properties are similar, and they can form salts, esters, acid halides, amides, acid anhydrides, etc., and are not easily oxidized. The electrophilic substitution reaction can occur on the benzene ring of benzoic acid, and the meta-substituted product is mainly obtained.

The chemical formula of benzoic acid is C7H6O2. The first benzoic acid was made from benzoin gum, so it was called benzoic acid. The melting point is 122.13 ℃, the boiling point is 249.2 ℃, and the relative density (15/4 ℃) is 1.2659. Appearance is white needle or scale crystal. Benzoic acid sublimes above 100 °C. Slightly soluble in cold water, hexane, soluble in hot water, ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, carbon disulfide and turpentine.

Benzoic acid exists widely in nature in the form of free acid, ester or its derivatives. It is mainly used in the preparation of sodium benzoate preservatives, and in the synthesis of drugs and dyes, as well as in the production of plasticizers, mordants, fungicides and spices. It can be obtained by direct oxidation of toluene in the presence of manganese dioxide, or by decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride with water vapor.

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